Che Guevara
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Andrew Annandale SinclairHistorian and filmmaker. Author of Guevara and others.
Alternative Title: Ernesto Guevara de la Serna
Che Guevara, byname of Ernesto Guevara de la Serna, (born June 14, 1928, Rosario, Argentina—died October 9, 1967, La Higuera, Bolivia), theoretician and tactician of guerrilla warfare, prominent communist figure in the Cuban Revolution (1956–59), and guerrilla leader in South America. After his execution by the Bolivian army, he was regarded as a martyred hero by generations of leftists worldwide, and his image became an icon of leftist radicalism and anti-imperialism.
Why was Che Guevara so influential?
Che Guevara was a prominent communist figure in the Cuban Revolution (1956–59) and a guerrilla leader in South America who became a powerful symbol for revolutionary action. After his execution by the Bolivian army, he was regarded as a martyred hero by generations of leftists, and his image became an icon of leftist radicalism and anti-imperialism.
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What was Che Guevara’s early life like?
Che Guevara was the eldest of five children in a middle-class Argentine family of leftist leanings. He was an excellent athlete and scholar. Before he completed his medical studies in 1953, his worldview was changed by the poverty he saw during a nine-month journey through Latin America in 1951–52.
What did Che Guevara believe in?
Che Guevara expounded a vision of a new socialist citizen who would work for the good of society rather than for personal profit.
How was Che Guevara killed?
In October 1967 the guerrilla group that Che Guevara was leading in Bolivia was nearly annihilated by a special detachment of the Bolivian army aided by CIA advisers. Wounded, Guevara was captured and then shot dead. Before he was secretly buried, his hands were cut off so that his fingerprints could be used to confirm his identity.
Where was Che Guevara buried?
Che Guevara was secretly buried after he was killed in Bolivia in 1967, but in 1997 a skeleton that was believed to be his and the remains of six of his comrades were disinterred from a mass grave near Vallegrande, Bolivia, transported to Cuba, and reinterred in a memorial and monument in Santa Clara.
Medical school and Motorcycle Diaries: early life
Guevara was the eldest of five children in a middle-class family of Spanish-Irish descent and leftist leanings. Although suffering from asthma, he excelled as an athlete and a scholar, completing his medical studies in 1953. He spent many of his holidays traveling in Latin America, and his observations of the great poverty of the masses contributed to his eventual conclusion that the only solution lay in violent revolution. He came to look upon Latin America not as a collection of separate nations but as a cultural and economic entity, the liberation of which would require an intercontinental strategy.
In particular, his worldview was changed by a nine-month journey he began in December 1951, while on hiatus from medical school, with his friend Alberto Granado. That trip, which began on a motorcycle they called “the Powerful” (which broke down and was abandoned early in the journey), took them from Argentina through Chile, Peru, Colombia, and on to Venezuela, from which Guevara traveled alone on to Miami, returning to Argentina by plane. During the trip Guevara kept a journal that was posthumously published under his family’s guidance as The Motorcycle Diaries: Notes on a Latin American Journey (2003) and adapted to film as The Motorcycle Diaries (2004).
In 1953 Guevara went to Guatemala, where Jacobo Arbenz headed a progressive regime that was attempting to bring about a social revolution. (About that time Guevara acquired his nickname, from a verbal mannerism of Argentines who punctuate their speech with the interjection che.) The overthrow of the Arbenz regime in 1954 in a coup supported by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) persuaded Guevara that the United States would always oppose progressive leftist governments. This became the cornerstone of his plans to bring about socialism by means of a worldwide revolution. It was in Guatemala that Guevara became a dedicated Marxist.
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The Cuban Revolution
He left Guatemala for Mexico, where he met the Cuban brothers Fidel and Raúl Castro, political exiles who were preparing an attempt to overthrow the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista in Cuba. Guevara joined Fidel Castro’s26th of July Movement, which landed a force of 81 men (including Guevara) in the Cuban province of Oriente on December 2, 1956. Immediately detected by Batista’s army, they were almost wiped out. The few survivors, including the wounded Guevara, reached the Sierra Maestra, where they became the nucleus of a guerrilla army. The rebels slowly gained in strength, seizing weapons from Batista’s forces and winning support and new recruits. Guevara had initially come along as the force’s doctor, but he had also trained in weapons use, and he became one of Castro’s most-trusted aides. Indeed, the complex Guevara, though trained as a healer, also, on occasion, acted as the executioner (or ordered the execution) of suspected traitors and deserters. He recorded the two years spent overthrowing Batista’s government in Pasajes de la guerra revolucionaria (1963; Reminiscences of the Cuban Revolutionary War, 1968).
After Castro’s victorious troops entered Havana on January 8, 1959, Guevara served for several months at La Cabaña prison, where he oversaw the executions of individuals deemed to be enemies of the revolution. Guevara became a Cuban citizen, as prominent in the newly established Marxist government as he had been in the revolutionary army, representing Cuba on many commercial missions. He also became well known in the West for his opposition to all forms of imperialism and neocolonialism and for his attacks on U.S. foreign policy. He served as chief of the Industrial Department of the National Institute of Agrarian Reform, president of the National Bank of Cuba (famously demonstrating his disdain for capitalism by signing currency simply “Che”), and minister of industry.
During the early 1960s, he defined Cuba’s policies and his own views in many speeches and writings, notably “El socialismo y el hombre en Cuba” (1965; “Man and Socialism in Cuba,” 1967)—an examination of Cuba’s new brand of communism—and a highly influential manual, La guerra de guerrillas (1960; Guerrilla Warfare, 1961). The last book included Guevara’s delineation of his foco theory (foquismo), a doctrine of revolution in Latin America drawn from the experience of the Cuban Revolution and predicated on three main tenets: 1) guerrilla forces are capable of defeating the army; 2) all the conditions for making a revolution do not have to be in place to begin a revolution, because the rebellion itself can bring them about; and 3) the countryside of underdeveloped Latin America is suited for armed combat.
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Guevara expounded a vision of a new socialist citizen who would work for the good of society rather than for personal profit, a notion he embodied through his own hard work. Often he slept in his office, and, in support of the volunteer labour program he had organized, he spent his day off working in a sugarcane field. He grew increasingly disheartened, however, as Cuba became a client state of the Soviet Union, and he felt betrayed by the Soviets when they removed their missiles from the island without consulting the Cuban leadership during the Cuban missile crisis of 1962. Guevara began looking to the People’s Republic of China and its leader Mao Zedong for support and as an example.
Quick Facts
- born
- June 14, 1928
Rosario, Argentina
- died
- October 1967 (aged 39)
Bolivia
- role in
From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Che Guevara's iconic image | |
Born | June 14, 1928 Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina |
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Died | October 9, 1967 (aged 39) |
Ernesto 'Che' Guevara, commonly known as el Che or Che (June 14, 1928 - October 9, 1967)[1] was an Argentine Marxist, revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla, diplomat, and military theorist. He is popular with socialists. In addition to that he was a writer and some of his articles and speeches were even published.
Time magazine said he was one of the most influential people of the 20th century.[2]Guerrillero Heroico, a picture of him, is called 'the most famous photograph in the world.'[3]
Early life[change | change source]
Che Guevara was born in Rosario, Argentina in 1928.[1] He studied at the University of Buenos Aires. He wanted to be a doctor. During his holidays, he traveled. He saw how poor some people were. He thought that revolution could fix it.
After college, he went to Mexico. He met Fidel Castro there in 1954. Castro was planning a communist rebellion in Cuba. Guevara joined Castro. He fought with Castro in Cuba. In 1959, Fidel won and became president of Cuba. Guevara was made head of Cuba's bank. He later became Minister of Industry.[1] In 1965, Guevara helped to start other revolutions. They were in Congo-Kinshasa and Bolivia. In 1967, he was captured and executed by Bolivian soldiers. His body was not found until 1997. His nickname among friends was 'Chegi Vara'.
Che in popular culture[change | change source]
Graphic of Che, by Jim Fitzpatrick
Che Guevara Life History In Telugu Pdf Hindi
People have different opinions on Che Guevara. Some see him as a good leader. In addition to that he was an excellent writer and some of his articles and speeches were even published.[4] Others see him as a bad man who wanted to hurt people.[1] A black and white image of Guevara's face is one of the most merchandized images.[5] It can be found on many items. They include t-shirts, hats, posters, and other items.[6] The image was based on a photograph by Alberto Korda Díaz. Díaz was a Cuban photographer. It was taken in 1960.[6]
Guevara is still an important person.[7] He is seen as an example of youthful rebellion.[8]
A movie, 'The Motorcycle Diaries', is about Che. It describes a trip that he took through South America. The trip took place in the 1950s. The movie was directed by Walter Salles. It was produced by Robert Redford.[9]
References[change | change source]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Che Guevara. |
- ↑ 1.01.11.21.3'Che Guevara Biography'. Biography.com. 2006. Retrieved 2010-03-05.
- ↑Dorfman, Ariel (14 June 1999). 'CHE GUEVARA: The Guerrilla' – via content.time.com.
- ↑Maryland Institute of Art, referenced at BBC News, 'Che Guevara photographer dies', 26 May 2001. Online at BBC News, accessed January 4, 2006.
- ↑guardian
- ↑BBC News May 26, 2001
- ↑ 6.06.1Lacey, Marc (October 9, 2007). 'A Revolutionary Icon and now a Bikini'. New York Times. Retrieved 2010-03-05.
- ↑BBC News 2007.
- ↑O'Hagan 2004.
- ↑'The Motorcycle Diaries'. Retrieved 2009-12-20.
Other websites[change | change source]
- BBC News (January 17, 2001). 'Profile: Laurent Kabila'. Accessed April 10, 2008.
- BBC News (May 26, 2001). Che Guevara photographer dies. Accessed January 4, 2006.
- BBC News (October 9, 2007). 'Cuba pays tribute to Che Guevara'. BBC News, International version.
- Lacey, Mark (October 26, 2007). 'Lone Bidder Buys Strands of Che's Hair at U.S. Auction'. New York Times.
- Lacey, Mark (October 9, 2007). 'A Revolutionary Icon, and Now, a Bikini'. The New York Times.
- O'Hagan, Sean (July 11, 2004). 'Just a pretty face?'. The Guardian. Accessed October 25, 2006.
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